Pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic ketoacidosis is most often found in patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Insulin deficiency is the hallmark of DKA pathophysiology. Insufficient insulin presence leads to increased hepatic glucose production and decreased peripheral glucose ...

Executive Summary: Patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) often require insulin to manage hyperglycemia, particularly in cases of underlying diabetes or acute illness. TPN can lead to hyperglycemia due to factors such as increased hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance, and ...

Maintaining glucose levels within goal ranges in hospitalized adult patients improves health outcomes. During hospital admissions, both uncontrolled hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Consequences may include impaired wound healing, delayed recovery, and organ dysfunction. ...